7 oct 2009

Coaching.


Para definir qué es el coaching me voy a quedar con dos metáforas:

1.Metáfora de proceso: La palabra coach viene de "Kocsi", un carruaje que existía a mediados del s.XVI en un pueblito de Hungría, Kocs, y que transportaba a la gente de un sitio a otro. El coach ayuda a "transportar" a alguien de un punto A hasta un punto B.
2.Metáfora de enfoque: Todos somos como una bellota, tenemos todo el potencial para convertirnos en un imponente roble. Para que esto ocurra es necesario primero ver el potencial que encierra la bellota, plantarla, regarla y abonarla periódicamente durante meses sin ver nada hasta que un día aparecen los brotes que hay que seguir cuidando y mimando. Esta metáfora habla del poderoso Efecto Pigmalión, la fuerza de las expectativas que otros tienen sobre nosotros, que funcionan en positivo pero también en negativo.
El coaching es una metodología de desarrollo, un estilo de liderazgo y de relación, que se inicia en la década de los 80 del siglo pasado en EE.UU en el ámbito del deporte, y luego se traslada al ámbito empresarial, se introduce en Europa en el año 2000 y en el 2002 llega a España. Como se ve es una metodología joven, en desarrollo. Hay que tener claro lo que no es: no es consejo, no es consultoría, no es terapia, no es formación.

Las fuentes de las que se alimenta el coaching son:

1.Mayeútica socrática ("una buena pregunta es la mitad de la respuesta"; la mejor pregunta es la que produce un silencio, la que no tiene una respuesta automática, la que nos hace pensar e ir más allá de los caminos trillados).
2.Psicología humanista
3.PNL, Programación neurolingüística.
4.Management, especialmente lo referente a la animación de equipos.
Entre los beneficios contrastados que aporta encontramos que: ayuda a desarrollar más rápidamente a las personas; mejora las competencias y los demás lo notan; aumenta el retorno de la inversión; mejora el clima; mejora la satisfacción personal; mejora la productividad (si a la formación se le suma el coaching la productividad se dispara); es un imán de talento (ayuda a atraer y retener talento).

Señalemos algunos elementos clave del coaching:

» Condición previa: la persona tiene que querer, tiene que estar dispuesta al cambio. Cambiar hábitos supone esfuerzo y sacrificio, es incómodo. Además, la persona debe saber cuál es su objetivo, a dónde quiere llegar.
» Hay que generar confianza, lealtad, compromiso, un conocimiento profundo… debe existir "química".
» Es imprescindible una escucha de calidad, absoluta y sin juicios, y que el coach realice preguntas poderosas; y también se necesita una comunicación empática y efectiva. El coaching se basa en un diálogo profesional, estructurado y dirigido al logro de objetivos concretos.
» El coach debe dar un feedback positivo, bien enfocado. Para que el desarrollo se dé hay que pisar el acelerador de las fortalezas y minimizar las debilidades.
» Debe existir el juego interior, se debe tener la mente abierta, más allá de los esquemas preconcebidos. El cambio proviene de lo que descubrimos, no de lo que otros nos enseñan.
» Las sesiones de coaching deben conducir a un plan de acción. La persona debe plantearse objetivos simples, medibles, alcanzables pero también retadores. Y para llevarlos a cabo es necesario pasión, energía.
Para terminar mencionar que es muy importante elegir bien al coach. Para ello hay tres aspectos importantes a tener en cuenta:

1.Que exista "química".
2.Que tenga experiencia en el área en el que nos hemos marcado el objetivo.
3.Que tenga experiencia acreditada, un indicador puede ser su acreditación por la ICF (International Coach Federation), que tiene su rama española, o su pertenencia a ASESCO (Asociación Española de Coaching).
Care (cuidado, atención individualizada)

Observe (observación para dar feedback sin juicio)

Act ("donde no hay acción no hay decisión")

Communication (comunicación empática y eficaz)

Help (ayuda honesta)

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